Accelerate your business: as7

Clustering in jBPM v5 was not an easy task, there where several known issues that had to be resolved on client (project that was implementing solution with jBPM) side, to name few:

session management - when to load/dispose knowledge session
timer management - required to keep knowledge session active to fire timers

This is not the case any more in version 6 where several improvements made their place in code base, for example new module that is responsible for complete session management was introduced - jbpm runtime manager. More on runtime manager in next post, this one focuses on how clustered solution might look like. First of all lets start with all the important pieces jbpm environment consists of:

asset repository - VFS based repository backed with GIT - this is where all the assets are stored during authoring phase
jbpm server that includes JBoss AS7 with deployed jbpm console (bpm focused web application) of kie-wb (fully features web application that combines BPM and BRM worlds)
data base - backend where all the state date is kept (process instances, ksessions, history log, etc)

Repository clustering

Asset repository is GIT backed virtual file system (VFS) that keeps all the assets (process definitions, rules, data model, forms, etc) is reliable and efficient way. Anyone who used to work with GIT understands perfectly how good it is for source management and what else assets are if not source code?

So if that is file system it resides on the same machine as the server that uses it, that enforces it to be kept in sync between all servers of a cluster. For that jbpm makes use of two well know open source projects:

Zookeeper is responsible for gluing all parts together where Helix is cluster management component that registers all cluster details (cluster itself, nodes, resources).

So this two components are utilized by the runtime environment on which jbpm v6 is based on:

kie-commons - provides VFS implementation and clustering
uber fire framework - provides backbone of the web applications

So let's take a look at what we need to do to setup cluster of our VFS:

Get the software

download Apache Zookeeper (note that 3.3.4 and 3.3.5 are the only versions that were currently tested so make sure you get the correct version)
download Apache Helix (note that version that was tested was 0.6.1)

Install and configure

unzip Apache Zookeeper into desired location - ( from now one we refer to it as zookeeper_home)
go to zookeeper_home/conf and make a copy of zoo_sample.conf to zoo.conf
edit zoo.conf and adjust settings if needed, these two are important in most of the cases:

# the directory where the snapshot is stored.
dataDir=/tmp/zookeeper
# the port at which the clients will connect
clientPort=2181

unzip Apache helix to into desired location (from now one we refer to it as helix_home)

Setup cluster

Now we have all the software available locally so next step is to configure the cluster itself. We start with start of the Zookeeper server that will be master of the configuration of the cluster:

go to zookeeper_home/bin
execute following command to start zookeeper server:

sudo ./zkServer.sh start

zookeeper server should be started, if the server fails to start make sure that the data directory defined in zoo.conf file exists and is accessible
all zookeeper activities can be viewed zookeeper_home/bin/zookeeper.out

To do so, Apache Helix provides utility scripts that can be found in helix_home/bin.

go to helix_home/bin
create cluster

./helix-admin.sh --zkSvr localhost:2181 --addCluster jbpm-cluster

add nodes to the cluster

node 1

./helix-admin.sh --zkSvr localhost:2181 --addNode jbpm-cluster nodeOne:12345

node2

./helix-admin.sh --zkSvr localhost:2181 --addNode jbpm-cluster nodeTwo:12346

add as many nodes as you will have cluster members of jBPM server (in most cases number of application servers in the cluster)

NOTE: nodeOne:12345 is the unique identifier of the node, that will be referenced later on when configuring application severs, although it looks like host and port number it is use to identify uniquely logical node.

add resources to the cluster

./helix-admin.sh --zkSvr localhost:2181

--addResource jbpm-cluster vfs-repo 1 LeaderStandby AUTO_REBALANCE

rebalance cluster to initialize it

./helix-admin.sh --zkSvr localhost:2181 --rebalance jbpm-cluster vfs-repo 2

start the Helix controller to manage the cluster

./run-helix-controller.sh --zkSvr localhost:2181

--cluster jbpm-cluster 2>&1 > /tmp/controller.log &

Values given above are just examples and can be changed according to the needs:

cluster name: jbpm-cluster

node name: nodeOne:12345, nodeTwo:12346

resource name: vfs-repo

zkSvr value must match Zookeeper server that is used.

Prepare data base

Before we start with application server configuration data base needs to be prepared, for this example we use PostgreSQL data base. jBPM server will create all required tables itself by default so there is no big work required for this but some simple tasks must be done before starting the server configuration.

Create data base user and data base

First of all PostgreSQL data base needs to be installed, next user needs to be created on the data base that will own the jbpm schema, in this example we use:

user name: jbpm

password: jbpm

Once the user is ready, data base can be created, and again for the example jbpm is chosen for the data base name.

NOTE: this information (username, password, data base name) will be used later on in application server configuration.

Create Quartz tables

Lastly Quartz related tables must be created, to do so best is to utilize the data base scripts provided with Quartz distribution, jbpm uses Quartz 1.8.5. DB scripts are usually located under QUARTZ_HOME/docs/dbTables.

Create quartz definition file

Quartz configuration that will be used by the jbpm server needs to accomodate the needs of the environment, as this guide is about to show the basic setup obviously it will not cover all the needs but will allow for further improvements.

Here is a sample configuration used in this setup:

#============================================================================

# Configure Main Scheduler Properties

#============================================================================

org.quartz.scheduler.instanceName = jBPMClusteredScheduler

org.quartz.scheduler.instanceId = AUTO

#============================================================================

# Configure ThreadPool

#============================================================================

org.quartz.threadPool.class = org.quartz.simpl.SimpleThreadPool

org.quartz.threadPool.threadCount = 5

org.quartz.threadPool.threadPriority = 5

#============================================================================

# Configure JobStore

#============================================================================

org.quartz.jobStore.misfireThreshold = 60000

org.quartz.jobStore.class=org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.JobStoreCMT

org.quartz.jobStore.driverDelegateClass=org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.PostgreSQLDelegate

org.quartz.jobStore.useProperties=false

org.quartz.jobStore.dataSource=managedDS

org.quartz.jobStore.nonManagedTXDataSource=notManagedDS

org.quartz.jobStore.tablePrefix=QRTZ_

org.quartz.jobStore.isClustered=true

org.quartz.jobStore.clusterCheckinInterval = 20000

#============================================================================

# Configure Datasources

#============================================================================

org.quartz.dataSource.managedDS.jndiURL=jboss/datasources/psjbpmDS

org.quartz.dataSource.notManagedDS.jndiURL=jboss/datasources/quartzNotManagedDS

Configure JBoss AS 7 domain

1. Create JDBC driver module - for this example PostgreSQL

a) go to JBOSS_HOME/modules directory (on EAP JBOSS_HOME/modules/system/layers/base)

b) create module folder org/postgresql/main

c) copy postgresql driver jar into the module folder (org/postgresql/main) as postgresql-jdbc.jar name

d) create module.xml file inside module folder (org/postgresql/main) with following content:

<resource-root path="postgresql-jdbc.jar"/>

</resources>

</dependencies>

</module>

2. Configure data sources for jbpm server

a) go to JBOSS_HOME/domain/configuration

b) edit domain.xml file

for simplicity sake we use default domain configuration which uses profile "full" that defines two

server nodes as part of main-server-group

c) locate the profile "full" inside the domain.xml file and add new data sources

main data source used by jbpm

<datasource jndi-name="java:jboss/datasources/psjbpmDS"

pool-name="postgresDS" enabled="true" use-java-context="true">

<connection-url>jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/jbpm</connection-url>

<driver>postgres</driver>

<user-name>jbpm</user-name>

</security>

</datasource>

additional data source for quartz (non managed pool)

<datasource jta="false" jndi-name="java:jboss/datasources/quartzNotManagedDS"

pool-name="quartzNotManagedDS" enabled="true" use-java-context="true">

<connection-url>jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/jbpm</connection-url>

<driver>postgres</driver>

<user-name>jbpm</user-name>

</security>

</datasource>

defined the driver used for the data sources

<xa-datasource-class>org.postgresql.xa.PGXADataSource</xa-datasource-class>

</driver>

3. Configure security domain

a) go to JBOSS_HOME/domain/configuration

b) edit domain.xml file

for simplicity sake we use default domain configuration which uses profile "full" that defines two

server nodes as part of main-server-group

c) locate the profile "full" inside the domain.xml file and add new security domain to define security

domain for jbpm-console (or kie-wb) - this is just a copy of the "other" security domain defined

there by default

<security-domain name="jbpm-console-ng" cache-type="default"> <authentication>

<login-module code="Remoting" flag="optional">

<module-option name="password-stacking" value="useFirstPass"/>

</login-module>

<login-module code="RealmDirect" flag="required">

<module-option name="password-stacking" value="useFirstPass"/>

</login-module>

</authentication>

</security-domain>

for kie-wb application, simply replace jbpm-console-ng with kie-ide as name of the security domain.

4. Configure server nodes

a) go to JBOSS_HOME/domain/configuration

b) edit host.xml file

c) locate servers that belongs to "main-server-group" in host.xml file and add following system

properties:

property name	property value	comments
org.uberfire.nio.git.dir	/home/jbpm/node[N]/repo	location where the VFS asset repository will be stored for the node[N]
org.quartz.properties	/jbpm/quartz-definition.properties	absolute file path to the quartz definition properties
jboss.node.name	nodeOne	unique node name within cluster (nodeOne, nodeTwo, etc)
org.uberfire.cluster.id	jbpm-cluster	name of the helix cluster
org.uberfire.cluster.zk	localhost:2181	location of the zookeeper server
org.uberfire.cluster.local.id	nodeOne_12345	unique id of the helix cluster node, note that ':' is replaced with '_'
org.uberfire.cluster.vfs.lock	vfs-repo	name of the resource defined on helix cluster
org.uberfire.nio.git.daemon.port	9418	port used by the GIT repo to accept client connections, must be unique for each cluster member
org.uberfire.nio.git.ssh.port	8001	port used by the GIT repo to accept client connections (over ssh), must be unique for each cluster member
org.uberfire.nio.git.daemon.host	localhost	host used by the GIT repo to accept client connections, in case cluster members run on different machines this property must be set to actual host name instead of localhost otherwise synchronization won't work
org.uberfire.nio.git.ssh.host	localhost	host used by the GIT repo to accept client connections (over ssh), in case cluster members run on different machines this property must be set to actual host name instead of localhost otherwise synchronization won't work
org.uberfire.metadata.index.dir	/home/jbpm/node[N]/index	location where index for search will be created (maintained by Apache Lucene)
org.uberfire.cluster.autostart	false	delays VFS clustering until the application is fully initialized to avoid conficts when all cluster members create local clones

examples for the two nodes:

nodeOne

<system-properties>

<property name="org.uberfire.nio.git.dir" value="/tmp/jbpm/nodeone"

boot-time="false"/>

<property name="org.quartz.properties"

value="/tmp/jbpm/quartz/quartz-db-postgres.properties" boot-time="false"/>

<property name="org.uberfire.cluster.id" value="jbpm-cluster"

boot-time="false"/>

<property name="org.uberfire.cluster.zk" value="localhost:2181"

boot-time="false"/>

<property name="org.uberfire.cluster.local.id" value="nodeOne_12345"

boot-time="false"/>

<property name="org.uberfire.cluster.vfs.lock" value="vfs-repo"

boot-time="false"/>

</system-properties>

nodeTwo

<system-properties>

<property name="org.uberfire.nio.git.dir" value="/tmp/jbpm/nodetwo"

boot-time="false"/>

<property name="org.quartz.properties"

value="/tmp/jbpm/quartz/quartz-db-postgres.properties" boot-time="false"/>

<property name="org.uberfire.cluster.id" value="jbpm-cluster"

boot-time="false"/>

<property name="org.uberfire.cluster.zk" value="localhost:2181"

boot-time="false"/>

<property name="org.uberfire.cluster.local.id" value="nodeTwo_12346"

boot-time="false"/>

<property name="org.uberfire.cluster.vfs.lock" value="vfs-repo"

boot-time="false"/>

</system-properties>

NOTE: since this example runs on single node host properties for ssh and git daemons are omitted.

Since repository synchronization is done between git servers make sure that GIT daemons are active (and properly configured - host name and port) on every cluster member.

5. Create user(s) and assign it to proper roles on application server

Add application users

In previous step security domain has been created so jbpm console (or kie-wb) users could be authenticated while logging on. Now it's time to add some users to be able to logon to the application once it's deployed. To do so:

a) go to JBOSS_HOME/bin

b) execute ./add-user.sh script and follow the instructions on the screen

- use Application realm not management

- when asked for roles, make sure you assign at least:

for jbpm-console: jbpm-console-user

for kie-wb: kie-user

add as many users you need, same goes for roles, listed above are required to be authorized to use the web application.

Add management (of application server) user

To be able to manage the application server as domain, we need to add administrator user, it's similar to what was defined for adding application users but the realm needs to be management

a) go to JBOSS_HOME/bin

b) execute ./add-user.sh script and follow the instructions on the screen

- use Management realm not application

Application server should be now ready to be used, so let's start the domain:

JBOSS_HOME/bin/domain.sh

after few seconds (it's still empty servers) you should be able to access both server nodes on following locations:

nodeOne: http://localhost:8080

nodeTwo: http://localhost:8230

administration console: http://localhost:9990/console

the port offset is configurable in host.xml for given server.

Deploy application - jBPM console (or kie-wb)

Now it's time to prepare and deploy application, either jbpm-console or kie-wb. As by default both application comes with predefined persistence that uses ExampleDS from AS7 and H2 data base there is a need to alter this configuration to use PostgreSQL data base instead.

Required changes in persistence.xml

change jta-data-source name to match one defined on application server

java:jboss/datasources/psjbpmDS

change hibernate dialect to be postgresql

org.hibernate.dialect.PostgreSQLDialect

Application build from source

If the application is built from source then you need to edit persistence.xml file that is located under:

jbpm-console-ng/jbpm-console-ng-distribution-wars/src/main/jbossas7/WEB-INF/classes/META-INF/

next rebuild the jbpm-distribution-wars module to prepare deployable package - once that is named:

jbpm-console-ng-jboss-as7.0.war

Deployable package downloaded

In case you have deployable package downloaded (which is already a war file) you need to extract it change the persistence.xml located under:

WEB-INF/classes/META-INF

once the file is edited and contains correct values to work properly with PostgreSQL data base application needs to be repackaged:

NOTE: before repackaging make use that previous war is not in the same directory otherwise it will be packaged into new war too.

jar -cfm jbpm-console-ng.war META-INF/MANIFEST.MF *

IMPORTANT: make sure that you include the same manifest file that was in original war file as it contains valuable entires.

To deploy application logon as management user into administration console of the domain and add new deployments using Runtime view of console. Once the deployment is added to the domain, assign it to the right server group - in this example we used main-server-group it will be default enable this deployment on all servers within that group - meaning deploy it on the servers. This will take a while and after successful deployment you should be able to access jbpm-console (or kie-wb) on following locations:

console on server one: http://localhost:8080/jbpm-console-ng

console on server one: http://localhost:8230/jbpm-console-ng

the context root (jbpm-console-ng) depends on the name of the war file that was deployed so if the filename will be jbpm-console-ng-jboss7.war then the context root will be jbpm-console-ng-jboss7. Same rule apply to kie-wb deployment.

And that's it - you should have fully operational jbpm cluster environment!!!

Obviously in normal scenarios you would like to hide the complexity of different urls to the application from end users (like putting in front of them a load balancer) but I explicitly left that out of this example to show proper behavior of independent cluster nodes.

Next post will go into details on how different components play smoothly in cluster, to name few:

failover - in case cluster node goes down
timer management - how does timer fire in cluster environment
session management - auto reactivation of session on demand
etc

As we are still in development mode, please share your thoughts on what would you like to see in cluster support for jBPM, your input is most appreciated!

Update:
There was a change in naming of system properties since the article was written so for those that configured it already for 6.0.0.Final there will be a need to adjust name of following system properties:

org.kie.nio.git.dir -> org.uberfire.nio.git.dir
org.kie.nio.git.daemon.port -> org.uberfire.nio.git.daemon.port
org.kie.kieora.index.dir -> org.uberfire.metadata.index.dir
org.uberfire.cluster.autostart - new parameter

Table above already contains proper values for 6.0.0.Final

Invocation of web services as part of business process is common and most likely because of that default implementation of Service Task in BPMN2 specification is web service. Recently (5.4) jBPM5 has gotten support for such activity.

jBPM5 web service support is based on Apache CXF dynamic client. It provides dedicated Service Task handler (that implements WorkItemHandler interface).

org.jbpm.process.workitem.bpmn2.ServiceTaskHandler

Worth noting is that this handler is capable of invoking both web service end points and simple Java based services as with previous ServiceTask handler (org.jbpm.bpmn2.handler.SendTaskHandler) based on the implementation attribute of service task node

web service implementation

 <bpmn2:serviceTask id="ServiceTask_1" name="Service Task" implementation="##WebService" operationRef="_2_ServiceOperation"> </bpmn2:serviceTask>

java implementation

<bpmn2:serviceTask id="_2" name="Hello" operationRef="_2_ServiceOperation" implementation="Other" >

</bpmn2:serviceTask>

ServiceTaskHandler can invoke web service operations in three modes:

synchronous (sends request and waits for response before continuing)
asynchronous (sends request and uses callback to get response)
one way (sends request and does not wait for any response)

This configuration is done on service node level as parameter (data input) so it allows to have different configuration for service nodes and to be handled by the same service task handler.

Let's try to go through this implementation with example. We are going to build a process that will get weather forecast for given zip codes in US. So process will look like this:

This process will:

ask for couple of zip codes on the first human task (task is assigned to john)
next transform result of the user task to a collection that will be used as input for multi instance service task
then based on the input collection process will create several instances of service task to query the weather forecast service
once all service task instances are completed it will log result to the console
and create another human task to show the weather forecast for selected zip codes (task is assigned to john)

When process instance is started it will prompt the user to select in what mode service task instances should be executed: async or sync. With this particular example changing the mode from async to sync will not make big difference as the service we use is rather fast but with services that takes some time to respond difference will be noticeable.

But how does it know it is web service and even more important what web service it is? This is configured as part of process definition using few dedicated constructs:

1. first of all we need to tell the engine where is our WSDL so it can be read and operations from it can be invoked - this is done with BPMN2 import:
<import importType="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" location="http://wsf.cdyne.com/WeatherWS/Weather.asmx?WSDL" namespace="http://ws.cdyne.com/WeatherWS/"/>

2. next message, interface and operations must be defined:

<itemDefinition id="_2-2-4_InMessageType" />

<message id="_2-2-4_InMessage" itemRef="_2-2-4_InMessageType" />

<interface id="_2-2-4_ServiceInterface" name="" implementationRef="Weather">
 

  <operation id="_2-2-4_ServiceOperation"   

       implementationRef="GetCityWeatherByZIP" name="hello">
      <inMessageRef>_2-2-4_InMessage</inMessageRef>
  </operation>

</interface>

Important: make sure that implementationRef for both interface and operations point to valid service and operation in WSDL.

3. Next use defined operation in your service task and set implementation as web service (or don't specify that attribute at all so default will be taken):

<serviceTask id="_2" name="Service Task" operationRef="_2-2-4_ServiceOperation" implementation="##WebService" >

........ 

</serviceTask>

NOTE: Unfortunately tooling does not support this yet so the bpmn2 file needs to be edited by hand. Soon tooling will provide this as well.

Yet another important thing here is that if you plan to use request or response object of the service in your process as variables make sure that all of them implement java.io.Serializable interface so they can be properly persisted. One way to do this (used in the example) is to provide additional configuration to tell JAXB to add Serializable while generating classes from WSDL and generate classes as part of the build:

create extra binding file
configure cxf codegen maven plugin

Complete source code can be found here. It comes with test cases that uses this example as well as local service that can be used to illustrate difference between sync and async modes.

This example can be executed on jbpm-console when build from master, as it already has this service task handler configured. Here is a short guide on how to do it:
1. clone jbpm master and build it with mvn clean install -DskipTests -Dfull (alternatively download latest build from build server)
2. clone jbpm-examples and build jbpm-ws-example project with mvn clean install
3. copy result of build in point 2 (jbpm-ws-sample-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar) into jbpm-installer/dependencies
4. copy WeatherWSServiceProcess.bpmn2 into jbpm-installer/sample/evaluation/src/main/resource
5. copy all archives from jbpm-distribution into jbpm-installer/lib
6. use jbpm-installer to install jbpm into jboss AS7 - ant install.demo.noeclipse
7. start demo server - ant start.demo.noeclipse

then go to jbpm-console and run the process with name WeatherWSServiceProcess.

Have fun!

Accelerate your business

2013/06/11

Clustering in jBPM v6

Repository clustering

Get the software

Install and configure

Setup cluster

Prepare data base

Create data base user and data base

Create Quartz tables

Create quartz definition file

Configure JBoss AS 7 domain

Deploy application - jBPM console (or kie-wb)

Required changes in persistence.xml

Application build from source

Deployable package downloaded

2012/07/31

Service Task with web service implementation

2012/07/30

JUDCon2012 - Boston